The History Of Helicopter Discovery

Helicopter

The helicopter is an aircraft that picked up and driven by one or more rotors (propeller) large horizontal. Helicopters are classified as-rotating wing aircraft to distinguish them from ordinary fixed-wing aircraft other. The word comes from the Greek helicopter helix (spiral) and pteron (wing). The helicopter operated by the machine invented by the inventor of Slovakia in January Bahyl.

Compared with other fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters are more complex and more expensive to buy and operate, rather slow, has a close distance and roaming charges are limited. While the advantage is its movement; helicopters capable of flying in space, backward, and take off and land vertically. Limited in the addition of fuel facilities and load / altitude, the helicopter can fly to any location, and land anywhere with a pitch of the rotor and a half in diameter. Called a helipad helipad.


The working principle Helicopters

Helicopters can fly because of lift generated by air flow generated by the blades of the propeller rotor. Propeller was a stream of air flow from top to bottom. Air flow in such a swift so that they can lift objects weighing dozens of tons. His theory is actually quite simple but practically complex.

Airfoil

In essence, the basic principles of flying fixed wing aircraft (fixed wing) with a helicopter which is also known rotary winged aircraft is essentially fixed. The key was on the two major forces that work integrated, produce lift and thrust are great.

On the strength of the first fixed wing aircraft produced by the air flow at the surface of the wings that form a certain angle with small wings that flap in the rear wing of the position upheld. So that the air flow flowing backwards could be directed back to the top. The air flowing at the bottom of the wing surface pressure is relatively flat surface of the wing was involved pressing upward causing the lift and cause the plane upward. At least 15 percent of the total force generated, used to lift the fuselage upward.

Another major strength is the thrust produced by the flow of air in the upper wing surface is relatively curved shape. When the air flow generated by the engine flows into the rear and through the main wing, the airflow is divided. Air stream flowing over the wing upper surface is more rapid than the flow of air that hit the bottom of the wing surface. But the pressure of air flowing over the wing upper surface, relatively small compared with the air pressure in the lower wing surface is precisely the flow is less heavy. This air pressure difference causes the wing upward. To imagine how much lift it, the theory states that the air pressure difference of 2.5 ounces per square inch to produce lift 20 pounds per square foot (1 foot = 20 cm). Can be calculated, if the wing area 1000 square feet, the lift force generated will reach 10 tons.

In the helicopter, the function of the wing was replaced by propeller blades though each smaller than a regular airplane wing, but when played, curvanya relatively similar to the wing. To get the lift, the rotor blades must be directed at a particular position so as to form a large angle. The principle is the same as fixed wing aircraft, the helicopter there are two major forces that influence each other. Air flow moving forward propeller blades so that the pressing blade propeller driven back to back results in a small lift. But when when the flow of air moving quickly over the top and bottom of the blades of the propeller, a large air pressure between the blades will automatically expand to the entire surface of the lower pressure, causing the propeller driven up and the helicopter were drawn. Remember, even though the blades of the propeller is just a few pieces, but in a state of racing, he will form a flat surface and the air is pressed onto the large pressure menimbukan which eventually resulted in a greater lift. This principle is equivalent to the propellers on the aircraft-engine turboprop and the same with "propeller" children's toys.

Some of the helicopters used in warfare, such as Mi-26 Hind for example equipped with small wings called the Canard, the first function to relieve the burden on the main rotor and the second to increase the rate and extend the reach cruising speed. Another function is as a hanger weapons, missiles and others. By adding this short wings, the functional differences between fixed plane with a helicopter to be vague. Fixed wing aircraft is also capable of flying-landing vertically (Vertical Take-off Landing / VTOL). Contonya, of a kind Sea Harrier AV-8 Harrier or Harrier.

Excess fixed wing aircraft, especially about the flight because the plane of this type have a wide platform that is relatively more stable during flight. Questions flew it, it matters set aileron on the wing and vertical stabilizer and the existing flat on the tail. But the helicopter is not the case. When the blades of the propeller rotornya rotornya own produce lift themselves working on it move the air down as much. While the weight of the displaced air thus reducing the heavy helicopter helicopter lifted. And if the helicopter was lifted, means there is a balance between the weight of air displaced from the top down with the weight of helicopter. To operate the helicopter was there the usual steering tool disebutcollective pitch and cyclic pitch of each function as a regulator and booster lift helicopters for moving forward. So simple how it works, but transforming in a technology job really very complicated.


Tail rotor

Similarly, the rotor configuration, not just to rotate and fly and float. Because the propeller rotated setap will always cause torque generally termed torque. To eliminate or counteract the power play that could cause the helicopter body is spinning, it needs to be installed antitorque.

This can be Antitorque tail rotor or tail rotor mounted on the tail of the aircraft that also serves as a rudder. This configuration can be seen in the general helicopter like the Bell-412, Bell-205 or UH-1 Huey, or NBO-105, and AS-330 Puma or Super Puma AS-335, AH-64 Apache or the Mi-24 Hind. Selin using the tail rotor, there are still some other Desai. For example, using a tandem system as used on helicopter Boeing CH-47 Chinook or CH-46 Sea Knight. Both the rotor, which together are large each placed in front of and behind the helicopter body. Both symmetrical but has a round in the opposite direction. That is to negate each other round effects arising from each other, intermesh in popular language. Another way is to configure egg-beater. This design configuration as used on helicopter Kamov Ka-25 Russian-made or Kaman HH-43 Husky. Both the blades of the same magnitude was placed in one axis, separated from each other where a single rotor mounted above the other. Both are rotating in opposite directions. That is to eliminate the effects of rotation or torque.

Other Ways Than the three above, Also made ​​the configuration without a tail rotor. This helicopter is called NOTAR (No Tail Rotor) system has a Slightly different with the existing system of Nowhere the use of a blast of hot gas from the main engine is channeled through the tail tube. Examples are MD-902 Explorer helicopter

On or Tilt Rotor Rotor and Wing On or Tilt Wing

Takeoff and landing style characterized by helicopter but fly fixed wing aircraft types is a concept embraced by helicopter of this type. The easiest way is to incorporate the concept of working helicopters with fixed wing aircraft in a single form.

The principle works technically, when the main rotor is directed upward by the vertical movement can be done while helikoter when the rotor is directed forward or backward (as pursher or driving) then the characters fly like a plane can still be obtained. Rotor motion such as this do not need to involve the wings.

Actually the development of active rotor is still covered with uncertainty, the problem is the system that you want can be called a fixed wing aircraft because it has a large berlumayan wings, tail plane and also have a fixed wing aircraft configured with ordinary. Finally, this concept called the hybrid concept. Examples of this helicopter is the V-22 Osprey. In addition to the active rotor concepts, there is also an active wing concept, which is driven rotor as the rotor is not active but the wing plane. While the engine remained in his position. Examples of this helicopter is the TW-68 is designed by Ishida Corporation, Japan, this design was mentioned refer to as having a more compact design compared to the active rotor sustainability unfortunately just is not so sound.


Helicopter Jump Seats

Compared to the normal plane, especially fighter aircraft, helicopters are generally not equipped with ejection seats. This is due to face the problem of helicopter rotor during launch ejection seats as well as helicopters generally fly lower so more vulnerable. However, the Russian helicopter, Kamov Ka-50 hokum that uses specially designed ejection seats like Zvesda K-37-800. Step it works is when the ejection seat is activated, the rotor was blown up and out of position, then both sides of the glass cockpit open and active towing an interesting rocket pilots and helicopters kirsinya out of the body. Although considered complicated, future helicopter will be equipped with ejection seats


Discovery Helicopters

Actually, the helicopter trip into a form that is known at the time this takes quite a long period of time. In the process, also involves the development of technology and also the inventor and developer helikoter.

The first helicopter flew the man is the Breguet-Richet helicopter, 1907. Heli is flying in Douai, France on September 29, 1907. Helicopters are still getting help from four people who hold all four feet. This effort did not get a good record as the first helicopter to fly free. However, this proves the success of the helicopter vertical flight theory that time was still considered a theory. This is the first machine that can fly by itself carry a pilot vertically as a result of wing lift swivel. Heli uses powerful 50 hp Antoinette engine.

Flying helicopters actually done by Paul Cutaneous using a twin-engine helicopters Antoinette 24 hp at Lisieux, France on November 13, 1907. The flight lasted 20 seconds to a height of 0.3 meter. While the first Gyroplane Helicopter type C4 achieved by artificial Autogiro Juan de la Cierva. Autogiro first flew on January 9, 1923. The secret of success in the adoption of a joint system of flapping hinges the blades to the rotor head. While the helicopter which first flew successfully carried out by type of Fock Wulf FW-61 double berotor designed by Professor Heinrich Focke in the year 1933-1934. The helicopter was doing flying debut on June 26, 1936 and powered by Siemens-Halske Sh 14A-powered 160 hp. Heli was flown by Ewald Rohlfs. Heli fly as far as this record 122.35 km and long flown one hour 20 minutes 49 seconds. At other times he flew to a height of 3427 meters and record the speed of 122 miles / hour.

Helicopter pioneer developer of technology

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)


Leonardo da Vinci actually developed the concept of vertical flight and was previously a children's toy from the plains of China, it is unclear exactly since when children's toys was developed there and who inisiatornya or discoverer. In 1483 Leonardo da Vinci developed the concept of the screw flight.

Sir George Cayley (1773-1857)

Sir George Cayley is known as an engineer and innovator in air navigation and aerodynamics. One of the introduction of the term angle of attack in the world of aviation. In history, he is a figure who develop fixed-wing aircraft and gliders or gliders however, he developed the rotary wing or helicopter. Helicopters are the introduction of a compilation of wood, fur, cork and wire.

In 1842, Cayley designed the helicopter better, especially when they know that spin the propeller can lead to disastrous and require antidotes. Deterrence theory is also presented by him. To be able to fly, this helikpter put two rotors which move in opposite directions. Although the design is not yet tangible helicopter with an airborne helicopter, the concept used by the Kamov helicopters from Russia and Focke of Germany.


Nikolai Egorovich Zhikovsky (1847-1921)

Zhukovsky aviation career began with pursue mathematics, hydrodynamics and aerodynamics. Zhukovsky then discovered the world's first wind tunnel to test the aerodynamic technology. Falls in the development of a helicopter in 1910 and in World War I developed a lot of airplanes and helicopters


Juan de la Cierva (1895-1936)

Cierva developed a helicopter after a homemade double-winged bomber fell in 1919, the reason is the stability of the helicopter sees higher. In developing the design helicopter, Cierva ignore the various theories developed previously, using the newly-made designs which are based on the theory he developed through various experiments. Autogiro which is resulting in a hodgepodge concept aircraft between aircraft flying generally so that it can perform a vertical landing, half helicopter and half airplane. Autogiro Cierva flew in 1923. Five years later Cierva do Autogiro flights around Europe with more than 5000 km as far as he promoted. His efforts were not in vain because Autogiro a number of industrial design is great demand in Europe. Autogiro Cierva died in an accident in Croydon in 1936.

Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky (1889-1972)

Sikorsky took an interest in flight by designing various aircraft models including a helicopter from an early age. At first he entered the Naval Academy in St. Petersburg who later resigned and went to Paris to explore the science of engineering and aviation. After Paris, he returned to Kiev, Ukraine and develop the helicopter but failed. Sikorsky Bolshevik Revolution forced to move to Paris and then settled in the United States.

In 1939 he flew his first helicopter VS-300 and during its development, has recorded several record helicopter flight. Until entering the 21st century there are about 40,000 man-made Sikorsky helicopters flying in various parts of the world.


Mikhail Mill (1909-1970)

As with Sikorsy, Mill took an interest in aviation early age. He won the competition model airplanes at age 12. He then entered the Aviation Institute in Novocherkassk and develop the first autogiro with supervision and guidance of Kamov and Skrzhinsky. After graduating in 1931, he entered the center of the Russian aerodynamics TsAGi, and it was here doing research on helicopter aerodynamics with an emphasis on stability and design of the rotor.

In 1947, Miles was appointed head of design of new helicopters and helicopters bring GM-1 is known to be a Mi-1 Hare. Success Hare guide further development of the most famous helicopters like Mi-4, Mil Mi-6 Hook Mi-8 and others.

Overview Saab Company

SAAB (originally an acronym for "Svenska Aeroplan AB." "AB" stands for "aktiebolaget" or the "Company") was established as a company SAAB aircraft in 1937 in the town of Linköping, Sweden.

After World War II Saab also started producing cars through the company Saab Automobile. The company was then purchased half by General Motors in 1990, and then the remaining ten years later.

Saab also started a computer business in the late 1950s with the name Datasaab.

In 1969 Saab took the truck maker Scania AB, and between 1969 and 1995 the company was called the Saab-Scania.


Plane

In 1995, Saab Military Aircraft and BAE Systems formed a joint venture company Saab-BAe Gripen AB, with the aim of adapting, producing, marketing and supporting Gripen internationally.

BAE SYSTEMS designs and perfect wing. Saab Military Aircraft is responsible for the overall aircraft system, including basic aircraft development and production, and testing of delivery as well.

In 1998 BAE Systems to take over 35% of Saab Military Aircraft.

Nissan at Glance

Nissan Motor Co.., Ltd.., or abbreviated as Nissan Motors or simply Nissan, is a Japanese automotive industry which used to market the Datsun brand products until 1983. Its main office is located in the Ginza area of Chuo-ku, Tokyo but Nissan plans to move their main offices to Yokohama, Kanagawa in 2010, where construction has started in 2007.

Nissan, Nissan Motor Co. the full name., Ltd.. (Nissan Jidōsha Kabushiki-gaisha) (TYO: 7201, NASDAQ: NSANY)-is the second largest automotive company in Japan after Toyota and is one of Asia's three main contender in the United States.

Together with their alliance, Renault, Nissan became the fourth largest producer in the world

Nissan Car Model

Overview The Infiniti Automobile

Infiniti is a Japanese automobile company which is the luxury division of Nissan Motor Co.., Ltd. .. The company was founded on November 8, 1989 in North America and now the operation grew into the Middle East, South Korea, Russia, China, Taiwan, and Ukraine. Infiniti operates in a number of other European countries from late 2008. Headquartered in Tokyo. The company now operates in 15 countries and has 230 dealers worldwide.

Infiniti name not be used in Japan, so all models sold under the brand Nissan Infiniti: G37 sedan / coupe (Nissan Skyline Coupe), M35/45 (Nissan fugue), EX35 (Nissan Skyline Crossover) and Q45 (Nissan Cima). Infiniti FX are not sold in Japan.

History

Infiniti brand was introduced in the United States in 1989. Infiniti trying to produce premium cars in the U.S. who are not suitable imagenya with most Nissan products. Infiniti Q45 was first launched, the pemgembangannya by Nissan president with a smaller wheelbase. Q45 V8 engine equipped with a power 278 hp (207 kW), four-wheel steering and active suspension system. Thus, the Q45 can be competitive with other luxury sedan range Mercedes S-Class, BMW 7 series, Jaguar XJ and Cadillac Fleetwood. However, the Q45 only managed to sell fewer than its competitors from Toyota, Lexus LS.

Infiniti also launched a 2-door M30 coupe (1990) are equipped with engines that emit coded VG30E power 162 hp (121 kW). M30 coupe weighs 1540 kilograms and equipped with automatic transmission.

In 1991, Infiniti launched the third model with the launch of the Infiniti G20 which is the development of the Nissan Primera and the luxury models of the Nissan Sunny. Infiniti G20 have coded engine SR20DE and powerful 150 bhp (112 kW/152 PS) with a multi-port fuel injection to improve performance.

1992 Infiniti J30 launched VG30DE coded engine powered by 210 hp

About Isuzu Motor Ltd

Isuzu Motors Ltd.. Isuzu Jidōsha Kabushiki-Kaisha?), (TYO: 7202) is a Japanese automotive company that produces various kinds of diesel-engined vehicles. Isuzu mostly produce commercial vehicles and heavy trucks. The company is headquartered in Tokyo, was founded in 1937. In 2005, Isuzu was the producer of medium trucks and large trucks are the largest in the world. This company has a plant in Fujisawa, Tochigi and Hokkaido prefecture.

The company is famous for its diesel engine, producing 16 million dieseln machine in 2003, and can be found all over the world.

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The company employs 7371 workers in 2007.

In Asia, Africa, and Europe, Isuzu is known many of his truck with all sizes, after sedan and compact car sales decline very drastically the late 1990s, and therefore also Isuzu closed.

In 2006, Isuzu to make an alliance with Toyota Motor Corporation by Toyota bought 5.9% shares of Isuzu.

Ayrton senna Biography

Ayrton Senna (born in Sao Paulo, Brazil, March 21, 1960 - died in Bologna, Italy, May 1, 1994 at age 34 years) is a former Formula 1 racing driver from Brazil. He is the Formula 1 world champion in 1988, 1990, and 1991.

Senna was driving for four teams namely Toleman, Lotus, McLaren, and Williams. Couples with world champion Alain Prost for the McLaren team in 1988 he became the first world champion in Formula 1. Feud with Prost often remembered as one of the greatest once bitterest feud in the history of Formula 1. Several others are rivals Senna Nelson Piquet and Nigel Mansell.

Senna is known for kehebatannnya in a Formula 1 car driving in the wet circuit. Senna is often dubbed as "The Rain Man. Prowess on the track wet can be seen in the Monaco Grand Prix 1984 where the car is less qualified him to second place, his first victory was so dominant at Portugal GP 1985, and at the European Grand Prix 1993. At the 1993 European Grand Prix circuit at Donington, England, Senna in a distance less than one lap managed to become leader after a race in fifth position. Senna is also often called the Master of Monaco because he won the Monaco GP 6 times. Other Senna's greatness is that he very good at qualifying. He noted the pole position 65 times in 162 races before broken by Michael Schumacher who recorded the pole 65 times in 236 races. Brazilian Grand Prix victory in 1991 and the Japanese GP in 1988 are some examples of his best performances. Throughout his career, Senna has won 41 Grand Prix.

He died of a severe accident at the Tamburello corner while leading the race at San Marino GP at Imola Circuit along with the Williams team on May 1, 1994.

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Enzo Ferrari Biography And Story About Ferrari

Ferrari is a manufacturer of racing cars and sports cars the Italian high-performance-based in Maranello, Italy. Founded by Enzo Ferrari in 1929, as "Scuderia Ferrari", and fabrication company menaja race car driver before moving into production of commercial vehicles that are recognized as a Ferrari in 1947. Throughout its history, the company has participated at the latest in the racing world, especially in Formula One, where it has been a huge success.

is a manufacturer of racing cars and high-performance sports car which was founded by Enzo Ferrari in 1929. At first, Scuderia Ferrari sponsored drivers and manufactures race cars, the company is now also developing an independent car production in 1946, and later became Ferrari SpA, and is now controlled by the Fiat group. The company is based in Maranello, near Modena, Italy.

Ferrari also took part in Formula One competition. One of the drivers is the famous seven-time world champion Michael Schumacher.

Biography

Enzo Ferrari is a founder of the luxury sports car company Ferrari. Originally Enzo is a founder of the Scuderia Ferrari racing team and later became part of the Ferrari automobile products. He was born in Modena, but in 1916, his father died of a flu pandemic. He built his company by making a few sports cars that use his name and given a symbol of Prancing Horse in 1929. Enzo was born February 18, 1898 and died August 14, 1988 at the age of 90 years.

History

Prancing Horse emblem was inspired by a painting that adorned the body of a fighter plane flown by Francesco Baracca in World War I. Ferrari originally put the engine in the front of the car, like the other cars. However, since 1961, Ferrari cars engine placed behind.

Born in Modena, Enzo Ferrari grew up with little formal education but he has a strong desire to become racers. During World War I, he served in the front row of the Italian army. His father, Alfredo, died in 1916 because pandemic flu is widespread in Italy at that time. Ferrari was also stricken with the flu and he was released from his job. When he arrived at his house, he learned that his family's finances in a state threatened. Ferrari tries to find a job at Fiat (an Italian car company), but failed, then he found a job in a smaller car company called CMN, the design used truck into a smaller car. He is also a racer in 1919 at the CMN team, but not so successful.

Enzo Ferrari

Ferrari dominate F1 racing car

He left the CMN in 1920 and became a driver in the team Alfa Romeo (a car company in Italy), he managed to achieve more success than ever. In 1923, he followed the car racing in Ravenna and was awarded a badge of The Prancing Horse (horse jump) that decorate the plane Francesco Barraca (a leader of Italian troops). This logo is waiting for 9 years to finally wear the symbol of a racing car. In 1924, Ferrari won the Coppa Acerbo (a race car) in Pescara, Italy. He experienced success in local races and pushed Alpha to provide an opportunity to follow a more prestigious race. Ferrari did not take that chance and did not race until 1927. He continued to work directly for alfa romeo until 1929 before making the Scuderia Ferrari as the racing team for Alfa.

Ferrari regulate the activities of the Alfa cars and formed a team consisting of more than 40 drivers, including Giuseppe Campari and Tazio Nuvolari. Ferrari himself continued racing until the birth of her first child in 1932 (Alfredo Ferrari, known as Dino, who died in 1956).

Alfa Romeo ended in 1933 when financial problems make a withdraw alpha. Therefore the intervention of Pirelli, Ferrari did not receive the car at all. Because the quality of the Scuderia drivers, then the company has multiple victories (1935 in Germany was an exception). Brand mercedeslah auto union and who dominate the area.

Story About Dodge Car Brands

Dodge is a brand of car (SUV, MPV, pickup), produced and marketed by the Chrysler Group, LLC in 60 countries worldwide. Discovered as the Dodge Brothers Company in 1900 to supply parts from the automotive industry, Dodge started to create his own car full in 1914. This brand was sold to Chrysler in 1928.


The discovery and early establishment

Having founded the company Dodge Brothers Company by Horace and John Dodge in 1900, this company makes engine components and chassis of the vehicle. John Dodge in 1913 saying that he no longer willing to simply as "penyetok" for Henry Ford, then in 1914 he and Horace agreed to make a 4-cylinder vehicles (Dodge Model 30). They made ​​this car has all-steel body, while most other companies still have the element of wood. Besides the existing 12 volt electrical system, (cars with 6 volt electrical system was still there until the 1950s) and a sliding-gear transmission. The company developed the Dodge brothers were successful because the quality is good, and the company soon became the second largest company by sales in the U.S. market in 1916.

Dodge Company continues to record good sales until 1920. But after that, John Dodge died of pneumonia in early January 1920. His brother, Horace, also died in December 1920 due to cirrhosis. Company Dodge brothers fell into the hands of their wives, who then lifted Frederick Haynes became president of the company. Dodge Model 30 was developed into Dodge Model 116, with basic construction and the same features.

Dodge models sold in North America today is the caliber, Avenger, Charger, Challanger, Viper, Journey, Nitro, and Grand Caravan.

History Of Audi Car manufacturer

Audi is a luxury car manufacturer in Germany, and is a subsidiary fully owned by Volkswagen Group since 1964. The company is headquartered in Ingolstadt, Bavaria, Germany.

Audi Slogan is Vorsprung durch Technik , which can be interpreted "Advantage through technology".

History

The company was originally founded in 1909 by August Horch. The first car created by Audi, Audi-powered Type A 10 22 hp Sport-Phaeton, produced in 1910 in Zwickau.

After many series of events, August Horch left the company in 1920 as was named Minister of Transport. In August 1928, Jorgen Rasmussen, owner of DKW firm acquired most of the Audi shares. Rasmussen also buy an American car company Rickenbaker, including development tools for 8 cylinder engine. This machine is used in Audi Zwickau and Audi Dresden, which was launched a year later. At that time the cars Audi is a luxury car with special workmanship.

In 1932, Audi, together with Horch, DKW and Wanderer to form Auto Union joined. Before the advent of World War II, Auto Union was the one who makes a ring Audi logo 4 pieces interlocking to each other, which is still used today. In those days, the symbol that is used to signify the merging of four brands.

After World War II ended, Auto Union was once bought by Mercedes-Benz in 1958. But Mercedes-Benz did not focus on this brand so it can not generate profit. Then in 1964, shares of Auto Union captured 50% by Volkswagen.

1969, changed the company name became Audi NSU Auto Union AG, after joining the NSU Auto Union. Noted ever launched several types of cars such as Audi 100, Audi 80 and Audi 50.

The company name was changed again in 1985 to only just because the brand Audi AG NSU and Auto Union no longer in use.

The History Of Lamborghini Cars

Automobili-Lamborghini SpA, commonly known as Lamborghini is an Italian car maker. The company was founded by Ferruccio Lamborghini in 1963, with the aim to produce a grand tour car that can compete with established offerings from marques such as Ferrari.

Company's first model was released in mid 1960, and recorded for repairs, power, and comfort. Lamborghini gets a lot of praise in 1966. After several decades, the company hit hard times in the mid-1970s, as sales plummeted because of the world monetary crisis of 1973 and the oil crisis. After passing through bankruptcy and three times the change in ownership, Lamborghini is a subsidiary of Chrysler Corporation in 1987.

U.S. firm failed to return the car to profitability and sell it to the Indonesian side in 1994. Lack of success Lamborghini continued until the 1990's, until the company was sold in 1998 to Audi, a subsidiary of Volkswagen Group, a German automotive company. Audi Ownership marks the beginning of a period of stability and increased productivity for the Lamborghini, with sales increased nearly tenfold during the 2000s, culminating in record sales in 2007 and 2008. world monetary crisis in the late 2000s had a negative impact on luxury car makers around the world, and saw sales fall Lamborghini return to the pre-2006.

Charles Goodyear The Vulcanized Pioneer Method

William Henry Goodyear (1846 - 1923) was an archaeologist, art historian and museum curator of the United States. He was the son of Charles Goodyear (1800-1860), inventor of the vulcanization of rubber, Goodyear and Clarissa Beecher.

Goodyear was born in New Haven, Connecticut, spent his childhood in England and France, and graduated from Yale University in 1867 with a degree in history. He then moved to Italy, and Berlin (where he studied law and Roman history), and Heidelberg where he studied art history with the archaeologist Karl Friedrichs (1831-1871). 1869, Goodyear went with Friedrichs to Syria and Cyprus, then in 1870 in Venice and Pisa where he studied the Leaning Tower of Pisa.

In 1871, he married Sarah Sanford, wife of the first of three wives, and taught at Cooper Union until 1882, when he was appointed the first curator of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. 1888 Goodyear publishes a survey of art history, and in 1890 he was appointed curator of art at the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences (now the Brooklyn Museum of Art). From 1895-1914 he held a number of learning where he was taking pictures and measuring buildings in Europe. He died of pneumonia in 1923 and was buried in Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn.

At first Charles Goodyear is a former trader who went bankrupt and was imprisoned due to debt. In 1830 the world was experiencing a fever Rubber and Charles Goodyear was interested in the world to cultivate rubber.

In 1839 Goodyear also managed to find a weather-resistant rubber, which stems from the lack accidentally dropped rubber and sulfur as an ingredient mixed into the hot stove and found that the material change have a character like an elastic skin.

Then he was obsessed to make a variety of goods from homemade materials and patented ciptaanya it, but the step was preceded by a British rubber pioneer Thomas Hancock who ironically named retreading method which in his inspired use of sample creation weatherproof rubber Goodyear.

He also tried to fight back through legal channels, but eventually lost and then lost his French patent, not only that, the royalties were canceled.

Goodyear died in 1860 leaving behind a debt of $ 200,000. But the sacrifice and hard work finally Goodyear is not in vain, because his family could enjoy it all through the accumulation of royalties temuanya it, and a more meaningful again, his name has been engraved as a pioneer of the modern world rubber industry.

Goodyear, Starting from the Capital Loan

 

If we look back, the founding of The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company in 1898 was remarkable. Its founder, Frank Seiberling, purchased the first factory for the company with the first payment of U.S. $ 3,500. He borrowed this money from one-in-law. Rubber and cotton which became the main ingredient in tire industry must be imported from places half a world away, to then be taken to a small town that has no sea port and only have limited access to rail transportation. Even the man, whose name is perpetuated by this company, Charles Goodyear, had died 30 years earlier in a state of bankruptcy even though he is the inventor of vulcanization technique through a long and courageous search.

However, the time is right. In the 1890s, bicycles became very popular. Train without a horse, called by some people with nicknames automobile, started to emerge. The period of depression in the year 1893 coming to an end. So, on August 29, 1898, Goodyear was founded with a share capital of U.S. $ 100,000.

David Hill, who bought shares of U.S. $ 30,000, became the first director. However, it was Frank Seiberling, the founder of a visionary and hard working is what choosing a name and assign a winged foot logo which to date remain an integral part of the Goodyear emblem. This logo reflects attachment to Goodyear on its past history.

There are other interesting things about the early years of this legendary, something that is difficult to be described but they are real. Something about the people. People like Frank Seilberling, which is actually trying to liquidate his family's property in 1898 when he received no other opportunity to buy cheap land area of ​​seven acres which later became the basis of Goodyear. In addition, there are people such as George Stadelman, a man who always avoid the crowds and never made a speech, but it has integrity and vision far into the future and lead the sales of Goodyear through a critical period as long as 20 years. Finally there is Paul Litchfield, who through his faith and his leadership helped inspire Goodyear's development for nearly six decades.

With only 13 employees, Goodyear production began on 21 November 1898, with product line bicycle tires and the carriage, and the hoof as if to reflect the stakes taken by Seiberling, chips to play poker. The first recorded payroll amounted to U.S. $ 217.86 based on the wages of time ranging from 13 cents to 25 cents per hour for 10-hour working day. After walking for a month, sales reached U.S. $ 8,246. Since the first tire produced in 1898, Goodyear continued to paddle towards the status as the world's largest tire company, a title that finally achieved in 1916 when the company adopted the slogan "More people ride the Goodyear tires than the other types." Company into The world's largest rubber company in 1926.

Today, Goodyear's sales exceeded $ 18 billion, even though this company takes 53 years to reach one billion dollars in the first milestone in its history. The company currently has more than 80,000 employees worldwide. Everything starts at a straw-walled factory modified by the river-enable the Little Cuyahoga in Akron, Ohio. Throughout its history, the various achievements that created the first things in the world and various facts and figures appear and reflect the birth of a large company.

origin of the discovery of mirror

Many biker's menggangap rearview mirror as "a display of" sheer, assuming there is also a rearview mirror to make the motor look less cool and slang.

So many of the biker off the rearview mirror or replace the rearview mirror that looks less slang, but unfortunately the mirror is not working. That kind of thing is very dangerous for the riders themselves and also endanger other motorists.


You do not know its history in the rearview mirror? Here's the history of the rearview mirror. Once in the early 1900s when the car is still a new thing, and racing cars started to grow, each participant's race car mechanic always brings.

This mechanical task is to fix the car if it breaks during the race. With the increasing development of technology, so the engine is more sophisticated and less mechanical damage and no longer needed.
Mechanical function was later changed to "observer" that help the driver. So then in charge of observing this mechanical state of the car behind them, so the driver can know if there are other peseerta car that will "overtake" them. Every car racing cars participating in this era always carried two passengers, one charge of driving a car and another charge of observing the situation behind them.

Later in the year 1911 at the Indianapolis 500 race, one participant was having trouble finding mechanics to become observers to monitor the situation backwards. As a way out he then put a mirror in his car. By using this mirror he can see if there are any other race participants will precede or nyalip. Because the transported load is lighter, the car could walk faster and finally he won the race. The next year all participants of the race car rearview mirror installed in their cars, and since then all the cars using the rearview mirror.

So for the biker who has not pakek mirror and mirror not meet the standard, plug the rearview mirror that really works. Do not wear the rearview mirror, rearview mirror or just for display only. Dangerous for other motorists and also let the police officer not on the ticket. so ... keep good buddies all vehicle glass mirror.

General Motors Board Decides To Keep European Opel Unit

Last Month General Motors Co. decided to sale their European Opel unit to Canadian auto parts maker Magna International. This month however, General Motors Co. has decided to keep Opel themselves.

This decision was made Tuesday after a long meeting in Detroit; the CEO of General Motors Fritz Henderson reported that General Motors will present its reconstructing plan forOpel to the German government soon. Magna's co-CEO Siegfried Wolf reported that Magna would continue to support both General Motors and Opel through-out the future.

General Motors has had a very tough time through-out this recession. They lost more than $8 billion through-out the past 4 years and have received $50 billion forgovernment aid. They announced the selling Opel in hope that their profit would go up in both Latin America and Asia.

At 54,000 workers and sells in cars such as Vauxhall, Opel, Cadillac and Chevrolet General Motors has the fourth highest auto sales in Europe coming in after VW Group, PSA Group and Ford Motor CO. European sales dropped 6.6 percent through the month of December and sales of Vauxhall and Opel cars have dropped even further coming in at 11.4 percent.


While General Motors had to file for bankruptcy earlier this year, Opel was kept out of the filing. Sixty-five percent of Opel was under the care of a trust while the other 35 percent was withheld by General Motors.

General Motors was not the only company having many problems during this recession. Several auto industries went into bankruptcy and were kept open due togovernment aid. Numerous companies ended up selling out some of their money making cars while others had to discontinue some famous cars. Now auto industries are beginning to pick up but they are still not doing so hot because American's just do not have the money to buy cars.

During this summer, the "Cash for Clunkers" program was a huge success among auto industries. American's were able to use their rebates so they could trade in their old gas chugging cars for a new fuel efficient one. All the while this program was great for business, when the program ended so did the business.

Unemployment rates keep rising which means more people are becoming jobless and less able to afford their mortgage let alone a new car. It is like a domino effect and it all starts with unemployment, once unemployment is figured out and American's stop losing their jobs and others find jobs, the economy will strengthen thus getting us far way for the outskirts of a recession.

So, why not figure your employment out right now? Obviously Paintless Dent Repair peaks your interest because you came to this site, since you're here I'll tell you more about Paintless Dent Repair and how you can be your own boss with your own business. Paintless Dent Repair Technicians are in very short supply, there are many cars out there and people are looking for the fastest, cheapest way to get their car fixed and back out on the road and you can help them. A technician pulls dents and dings from vehicles through glue-pulling which means there is no waiting on the sanding, painting or drying. You can ownyour own business or work out of a dealership, it's up to you. You could earn up to $100 per vehicle you fix which balances out to a nice check at the end and let's face it any money is better than no money. Don't procrastinate any longer.

Moto Gp Grid Girl Show and The historical motogp

Grand Prix motor refers to the top class of motorcycle racing, currently divided into three classes of machine different: 125cc, 250cc and MotoGP (over 990cc). Motors used in MotoGP is made specifically for motor racing, and not sold to the public (street version of the motor for 125 and 250cc classes available). This contrasts with the various production categories of racing, such as World Superbike, that feature modified versions of motorcycles available for general.

History

Road Racing World Championship was first organized by the Federation Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM) in 1949. At that traditionally have been held several races at each event for different classes of motors, based on engine capacity, and classes for sidecars (Motor bersespan). Existing classes when it is 50cc, 125cc, 250cc, 350cc, and 500cc for single-seater racing motorcycles, and 350cc and 500cc sidecars for motorcycles. Entering the 1950s and throughout the 1960s, motorcycle engines, four did not dominate the entire class. In the late 1960s, the motor engined two did not begin to master the small classes. In the 1970s, motorcycle engines, two did not really get rid of 4 stroke engines. In 1979, Honda tried to restore the engine 4 stroke the top class by lowering the motor NR500, but this project failed, and in 1983 Honda even winning with a 500cc bike not his second. In 1983, 350cc class finally abolished. 50cc class was replaced by the year 1984 80cC class, but class often dominated by the Spaniard and the Italian was finally abolished in 1990.

Class sidecars are also excluded from the world championships in the 1990s, leaving the 125cc, 250cc, and 500cc classes.

GP 500, the premier class of Grand Prix motor racing, has changed dramatically in recent years 2002. From the mid-1970s until 2001 the top class of GP racing limited four-cylinder and engine capacity of 500cc, both types of engines 4 stroke or 2 stroke. As a result, which can survive engine is 2-strokes, produces power and greater acceleration. In 2002 for the first time, manufacturers are allowed to enlarge the total capacity of a special machine for 4 stroke engine to a maximum of 990cc, and gave freedom to choose the number of cylinders used between three to six with a certain weight limit. With the motor bolehkannya 4 990cc no, the 500 GP class renamed to MotoGP. After the year 2003 does not exist anymore two machines that do not fall in the MotoGP class. For 125cc and 250cc classes in particular still using two machines do not.

Race for the MotoGP class is currently held as many as 17 series in 15 different countries (Spain held the third race weekend). Used in the title race every weekend with several stages.

Friday free practice at the title and the first official practice, and then carried out practice Saturday both official and QTT, where the drivers trying to make the best time to record determine their starting position. Own race was held on Sunday, although there was a series of Saturday is held in the Netherlands and Qatar. Grid (row starting position) consists of three drivers per line and usually every racing series was followed by about 20 drivers. Racing held for about 45 minutes and the driver raced along the specified number of rounds, without entry to the pit change tires or refuel.